Estimating a project is one of the most important aspects of project management. Projects are by definition temporary endeavors with a defined beginning and end, hence stakeholders need to know how much expenditure they are committing to. Thus, project estimates tend to start before the project even begins and are usually updated throughout the project life … [Read more...]
The Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate
Project estimating is one of the most important aspects of project management. By their very nature, projects have fixed budgets and their owners want to know how much they will cost. Hence, project estimating begins prior to project initiation and estimates are usually updated at important project milestones. A Rough Order of Magnitude estimate, often … [Read more...]
11 Types of Estimates
Almost every project requires an estimate. Since a project is, by definition, temporary, somebody must approve a budget for it. Which means they must know how much to approve. The available types of estimates can be categorized into the following groups: Accuracy Source of Data Estimating techniques Accuracy In many industries, project estimates … [Read more...]
Project Cost Management According to the PMBOK
Poor project cost management is one of the easiest ways to make a project go awry. Hence, good project management requires a firm grasp on the concepts and techniques in project budgeting and cost control. Thankfully, the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) gives us a strong foundation in this area. Project Cost Management is the fourth of 10 … [Read more...]
The Earned Value Method
Everybody has heard of a project whose cost spiralled out of control. Even big megaprojects where the difference measures in the billions are not immune to cost pressures. In fact, they are even more likely to go over budget. What is the official project management methodology for controlling project costs? To answer this question, we consult the … [Read more...]
How to Perform the Earned Value Calculations
The earned value method is the project management standard for cost control during a project. Whether you are a practicing project manager or studying for the PMP exam, you need to know how to calculate earned value. Fortunately, it involves nothing more than basic high school math. The more difficult part is knowing what each of the variables means and how … [Read more...]
Contingencies vs. Management Reserves
One of the most confusing aspects of Project Management is the concept of Contingencies and Management Reserves. When are they used? What are they used for? And how are they applied? In this article I will lift the veil. Contingencies Contingencies are amounts placed in the project estimate to account for "known unknowns." That is, the … [Read more...]
Project Cost Estimation 101
Project estimating requires predicting the future. Like ancient prophets and soothsayers, today's project managers are experts in telling people what is going to happen. The key to success, then, is to ensure that what actually happens is the same as the estimate. This might seem like magic sometimes, but it requires strong project cost estimation … [Read more...]
Top Down Estimating for the PMP Exam
Top Down estimating is a project estimating technique whereby the overall project is estimated first, and individual tasks are apportioned from it. You start from the top of the pyramid and work downwards. This type of project budgeting usually occurs when there is a fixed budget and/or the scope of the project must fit within a predetermined funding level, … [Read more...]
Three Point Estimating for the PMP Exam
Three point estimating is a technique which utilizes an optimistic and pessimistic estimate to determine the ideal estimate value for a project task. It is a shoe-in for PMP exam questions, which is not likely to change anytime soon. It allows known risks to be quantified and built in to the project budget. Formula There are two generally accepted formulas for … [Read more...]